plant cell
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Plant cells are a type of eukaryotic cell that are found in the organisms within the plant kingdom. plant cells generally have more rectangular shapre because cell wall is more rigid. plant cells usually have one or more large vacuole(s). Plant cells have several structures not found in other eukaryotes. In particular, organelles called chloroplasts allow plants to capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich molecules; cell walls allow plants to have rigid structures as varied as wood trunks and supple leaves; and vacuoles allow plant cells to change size. plant cells are the only producers of food by self on earth. Next they have amazing features like chloroplasts, rigid cell wall and vacuole. Their features resemble those of animal cells.
Plants retain a definite shape due to the rigid cell wall. They take in lots of water but the rigid cell wall helps them retain their shape. The vacuole is the storage place for the waste of plant cell. Chloroplasts help plants manufacture food through photosynthesis. Without sun, plants are not able to produce food. With energy derived from sun, plant cell converts carbon- di- oxide and water into carbohydrates and sugar and prepare food. Without plant cells and their features, food for plants is impossible. Plants need sunlight to maintain the growth of plant cells.
Plants retain a definite shape due to the rigid cell wall. They take in lots of water but the rigid cell wall helps them retain their shape. The vacuole is the storage place for the waste of plant cell. Chloroplasts help plants manufacture food through photosynthesis. Without sun, plants are not able to produce food. With energy derived from sun, plant cell converts carbon- di- oxide and water into carbohydrates and sugar and prepare food. Without plant cells and their features, food for plants is impossible. Plants need sunlight to maintain the growth of plant cells.
chloroplasts
(In green plant cells) A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts captures the energy from the sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules atp and nadph while freeing oxygen from water.
granum
A stacked membranous structure within the chloroplasts of plants and green algae that contains the chlorophyll and is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis. The saclike membranes that make up grana are known as thylakoids.
thylakoid
each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana. thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen.
stroma
the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels. Stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, and the ovary. They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. Fibroblasts and pericytes are among the most common types of stromal cells.
cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, situated outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. Cell walls are present in most prokaryotes, and in plants, fungi and other eukaryotes, where a major function is to act as pressure vessels, preventing over-expansion of the cell when water enters.
vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of these. The organelle has no basic shape or size; its structure varies according to the needs of the cell.
nucleus
the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others have many.
mitochondria
the MITOCHONDRIA is a double membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotic organisms, although some cells in some organisms may lack them (e.g. red blood cells). A number of organisms have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures.
ribosomes
The ribosome is a simple molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunit, which reads the RNA, and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
cytoplasm
the cytoplasm is the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus. It comprises cytosol (the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane) and the organelles – the cell's internal sub-structures. All of the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms (such as bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus) are contained within the cytoplasm. Within the cells of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called the nucleoplasm. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless.
lysosome
A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle found in nearly all animal cells. They are spherical vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down virtually all kinds of biomolecules. Simply stated, a lysosome is a type of vesicle with specific composition, of both its membrane proteins, and proteins of its lumen.
golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the cellular endomembrane system, the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. The Golgi apparatus resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
rough/smooth ER
Rough ER (RER) is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and despatch. It is called ‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes
Smooth E R (SER) is associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones. It is ‘smooth’ because it is not studded with ribosomes and is associated with smooth slippery fats.
Smooth E R (SER) is associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones. It is ‘smooth’ because it is not studded with ribosomes and is associated with smooth slippery fats.
As light energy (in the form of photons) reaches a plant,
chlorophyll molecules forming a light harvesting complex
absorb that energy, exciting electrons. These electrons
move along an electron transport chain, eventually
transferring their energy into the bonds of ATP and NADPH. ATP and NADPH act as highly charged energy carriers
ready to provide energy to continue photosynthesis
in the dark reactions. So, what do the dark reactions do?
Well, by using the energy of the ATP and NADPH,
as well as some other special molecules
includingCO2 and H2O, a carbohydrate called
glucose is able to be formed. why is photosynthesis important to humans? Photosynthesis involves a cycle of give and take
on which life as we know it depends!
chlorophyll molecules forming a light harvesting complex
absorb that energy, exciting electrons. These electrons
move along an electron transport chain, eventually
transferring their energy into the bonds of ATP and NADPH. ATP and NADPH act as highly charged energy carriers
ready to provide energy to continue photosynthesis
in the dark reactions. So, what do the dark reactions do?
Well, by using the energy of the ATP and NADPH,
as well as some other special molecules
includingCO2 and H2O, a carbohydrate called
glucose is able to be formed. why is photosynthesis important to humans? Photosynthesis involves a cycle of give and take
on which life as we know it depends!